Results for 'Donald I. Cartwright'

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  1.  5
    Minimal Degrees of Unsolvability and the Full Approximation Construction.American Mathematical Society, Donald I. Cartwright, John Williford Duskin & Richard L. Epstein - 1975 - American Mathematical Soc..
    For the purposes of this monograph, "by a degree" is meant a degree of recursive unsolvability. A degree [script bold]m is said to be minimal if 0 is the unique degree less than [script bold]m. Each of the six chapters of this self-contained monograph is devoted to the proof of an existence theorem for minimal degrees.
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  2.  16
    ECT and brain damage: How much risk is acceptable?Donald I. Templer - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (1):39-39.
  3.  17
    Why Insurance Companies Should Pay for Medical Cannabis.David Casarett & Donald I. Abrams - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (4):8-10.
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  4.  13
    Luminance effects on visual evoked brain responses to flash onset and offset.David F. Dinges & Donald I. Tepas - 1976 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 8 (2):105-108.
  5. Book reviews-the evolutionary biology papers of Elie metchnikoff.Helena Gourko, Donald I. Williamson, Alfred I. Tauber & Uwe Hossfeld - 2002 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 24 (2):324-325.
     
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  6.  9
    Human evoked brain responses following loud pure tones.James K. Walsh & Donald I. Tepas - 1975 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 5 (5):375-377.
  7. The Cartwright Discussion.Donald Davidson & Nancy Cartwright - 1997 - Philosophy International.
     
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  8.  15
    A new rank test for the K-Sample problem.A. D. Barbour, D. I. Cartwright, J. B. Donnelly & G. K. Eagleson - 1985 - History and Philosophy of Logic 14 (6).
  9. Science, technology, and Chinese philosophy:(Continued).Donald N. Blakeley, Mary I. Bockover & Guangwei Ouyang - 2003 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30 (2):137-193.
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  10.  21
    Algebraic Logic.H. Andréka, James Donald Monk & I. Németi - 1991 - North Holland.
    This volume is not restricted to papers presented at the 1988 Colloquium, but instead aims to provide the reader with a (relatively) coherent reading on Algebraic Logic, with an emphasis on current research. To help the non-specialist reader, the book contains an introduction to cylindric and relation algebras by Roger D. Maddux and an introduction to Boolean Algebras by Bjarni Joacute;nsson.
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  11.  19
    Evidence-based policy: what's to be done about relevance?Nancy Cartwright - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 143 (1):127-136.
    How can philosophy of science be of more practical use? One thing we can do is provide practicable advice about how to determine when one empirical claim is relevant to the truth of another; i.e., about evidential relevance. This matters especially for evidence-based policy, where advice is thin—and misleading—about how to tell what counts as evidence for policy effectiveness. This paper argues that good efficacy results (as in randomized controlled trials), which are all the rage now, are only a very (...)
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  12.  10
    Evidence from Focal Lesions in Humans.Donald T. Stuss, Michael P. Alexander, Darlene Floden, Malcolm A. Binns, Brian Levine, Anthony R. Mcintosh, Natasha Raiah & Stephanie I. Hevenor - 2002 - In Donald T. Stuss & Robert T. Knight (eds.), Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. Oxford University Press.
  13. Frontiers of Research in Economic Theory: The Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lectures, 1983–1997.Donald P. Jacobs, Ehud Kalai, Morton I. Kamien & Nancy L. Schwartz (eds.) - 1998 - Cambridge University Press.
    'Leading economists presenting fundamentally important issues in economic theory' is the theme of the Nancy Schwartz lectures series held annually at the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management of Northwestern University. Reporting on lectures delivered in the years 1983 through 1997, this collection of essays discusses economic behavior at the individual and group level and the implications to the performance of economic systems. Using non-technical language, the speakers present theoretical, experimental, and empirical analysis of decision making under uncertainty and (...)
     
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  14.  19
    Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: A New Account of Tales of the WorldShih-shuo Hsin-yu: A New Account of Tales of the World.Donald E. Gjertson, Liu I.-ch'ing & Richard B. Mather - 1980 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 100 (3):380.
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  15.  40
    A philosopher's view of the long road from RCTs to effectiveness.Nancy Cartwright - 2011 - The Lancet 377 (9775):1400-1401.
    For evidence-based practice and policy, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the current gold standard. But exactly why? We know that RCTs do not, without a series of strong assumptions, warrant predictions about what happens in practice. But just what are these assumptions? I maintain that, from a philosophical stance, answers to both questions are obscured because we don't attend to what causal claims say. Causal claims entering evidence-based medicine at different points say different things and, I would suggest, failure to (...)
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  16. Actions, Reasons, and Causes.Donald Davidson - 1963 - Journal of Philosophy 60 (23):685.
    What is the relation between a reason and an action when the reason explains the action by giving the agent's reason for doing what he did? We may call such explanations rationalizations, and say that the reason rationalizes the action. In this paper I want to defend the ancient - and common-sense - position that rationalization is a species of ordinary causal explanation. The defense no doubt requires some redeployment, but not more or less complete abandonment of the position, as (...)
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  17. Why am I my Brother's Keeper?Donald H. Regan - 2004 - In R. Jay Wallace (ed.), Reason and value: themes from the moral philosophy of Joseph Raz. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  18. Why Am I My Brother's Keeper?Donald H. Regan - 2004 - In R. Jay Wallace (ed.), Reason and value: themes from the moral philosophy of Joseph Raz. New York: Oxford University Press.
  19. Evidence-based policy: what’s to be done about relevance?: For the 2008 Oberlin Philosophy Colloquium. [REVIEW]Nancy Cartwright - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 143 (1):127 - 136.
    How can philosophy of science be of more practical use? One thing we can do is provide practicable advice about how to determine when one empirical claim is relevant to the truth of another; i.e., about evidential relevance. This matters especially for evidence-based policy, where advice is thin—and misleading—about how to tell what counts as evidence for policy effectiveness. This paper argues that good efficacy results (as in randomized controlled trials), which are all the rage now, are only a very (...)
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  20. On the Elements of Being: I.Donald C. Williams - 2004 - In Tim Crane & Katalin Farkas (eds.), Metaphysics: a guide and anthology. Oxford University Press UK.
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  21.  90
    What makes a capacity a disposition?Nancy Cartwright - 2007 - In Causal powers: what are they? why do we need them? what can be done with them and what cannot? Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science. pp. 46-57.
    Many, if not most, of our highly prized ‘laws’ of physics cannot be adequately rendered as statements of regular association among the values of ‘categorical’ quantities, I have argued.63 This is true even if we do not balk at the concept of natural necessity and are willing to add that the associations hold ‘by law’. They are rather ascriptions of capacities. They tell us what capacities a system will have by virtue of having a given property. The law of gravity (...)
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  22.  13
    The effects of time-out duration during fixed-ratio reinforcement.Ellis I. Barowsky & Donald E. Mintz - 1978 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11 (4):215-218.
  23.  34
    Causal laws, policy predictions and the need for genuine powers.Nancy Cartwright - 2007 - In Causal powers: what are they? why do we need them? what can be done with them and what cannot? Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science. pp. 6-30.
    Knowledge of causal laws is expensive and hard to come by. But we work hard to get it because we believe that it will reduce contingency in planning policies and in building new technologies: knowledge of causal laws allows us to predict reliably what the outcomes will be when we manipulate the factors cited as causes in those laws. Or do they? This paper will argue that causal laws have no special role here. As economists from JS Mill to Robert (...)
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  24.  10
    The effects of time-out locus during fixed-ratio reinforcement.Ellis I. Barowsky & Donald E. Mintz - 1975 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 5 (2):137-139.
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  25. Identity, Discernibility, and Composition.Donald L. M. Baxter - 2014 - In A. J. Cotnoir & Donald L. M. Baxter (eds.), Composition as Identity. Oxford University Press. pp. 244-253.
    There is more than one way to say that composition is identity. Yi has distinguished the Weak Composition thesis from the Strong Composition thesis and attributed the former to David Lewis while noting that Lewis associates something like the latter with me. Weak Composition is the thesis that the relation between the parts collectively and their whole is closely analogous to identity. Strong Composition is the thesis that the relation between the parts collectively and their whole is identity. Yi is (...)
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  26.  10
    Studies in short-duration auditory fatigue: II. Recovery time.Anita I. Rawnsley & J. Donald Harris - 1952 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 43 (2):138.
  27. Dehaene-Lambertz, G., 261 Dijkstra, K., 139 Dumay, N., 341.F. X. Alario, S. Allen, G. T. M. Altmann, P. Bach, C. Becchio, I. Blanchette, L. Boroditsky, A. Brown, R. Campbell & U. Cartwright-Finch - 2007 - Cognition 102:486-487.
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  28.  35
    Models: parables v fables.Nancy Cartwright - 2010 - In Roman Frigg & Matthew Hunter (eds.), Beyond Mimesis and Convention: Representation in Art and Science. Springer.
    A good many models used in physics and economics offer descriptions of imaginary situations, using a combination of mathematics and natural language. The descriptions are both thin - not much about the situation is filled in - and unrealistic - what is filled in is not true of many real situations. Yet we want to use the results of these models to inform our conclusions about a range of actually occurring situations. I propose we interpret many of these models as (...)
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  29. A Pyrrhonian Interpretation of Hume on Assent.Donald L. M. Baxter - 2016 - In Diego Machuca & Baron Reed (eds.), Skepticism: From Antiquity to the Present. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 380-394.
    How is it possible for David Hume to be both withering skeptic and constructive theorist? I recommend an answer like the Pyrrhonian answer to the question how it is possible to suspend all judgment yet engage in active daily life. Sextus Empiricus distinguishes two kinds of assent: one suspended across the board and one involved with daily living. The first is an act of will based on appreciation of reasons; the second is a causal effect of appearances. Hume makes the (...)
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  30.  46
    Causal laws, policy predictions, and the need for genuine powers.Nancy Cartwright - 2007 - In Toby Handfield (ed.), Dispositions and Causes. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press ;. pp. 6-30.
    Knowledge of causal laws is expensive and hard to come by. But we work hard to get it because we believe that it will reduce contingency in planning policies and in building new technologies: knowledge of causal laws allows us to predict reliably what the outcomes will be when we manipulate the factors cited as causes in those laws. Or do they? This paper will argue that causal laws have no special role here. As economists from JS Mill to Robert (...)
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  31.  12
    Studies in short-duration auditory fatigue: I. Frequency differences as a function of intensity.J. Donald Harris, Anita I. Rawnsley & Patricia Kelsey - 1951 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 42 (6):430.
  32.  62
    Reflections on Beardsley's aesthetics : Problems in the philosophy of criticism.Donald Crawford - 2010 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 44 (1):pp. 19-25.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reflections on Beardsley's AestheticsProblems in the Philosophy of CriticismDonald Crawford (bio)Monroe Beardsley's Aesthetics was published the year I was a junior philosophy major at the University of California, Berkeley, and by the end of that academic year, I had completed semester courses in the history of ancient as well as modern philosophy, logic, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. The requirements remaining for me in philosophy in my senior (...)
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  33.  18
    Philosophical aesthetics.Donald Phillip Verene - 2006 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 40 (4):89-103.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Journal of Aesthetic Education 40.4 (2006) 89-103 MuseSearchJournalsThis JournalContents[Access article in PDF]Philosophical AestheticsDonald Phillip VereneIs there an aesthetics of philosophy? Does philosophical discourse have a foundation in sense and sensibility? If the answer to these questions is affirmative and there is in some sense a philosophical aesthetics, what conclusions might be drawn for philosophical education?Put another way: Does philosophy require the power of the imagination and the product (...)
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  34. Hume's Philosophy of Religion.Antony Flew, Donald Livingston, George I. Mavrodes, David Fate Norton & Stanley Tweyman - 1988 - Ethics 98 (4):859-860.
  35. Hume's Philosophy of Religion.Antony Flew, Donald Livingston, George I. Mavrodes & David Fate Norton - 1989 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 26 (2):121-123.
  36.  17
    The locus of short duration auditory fatigue or "adaptation".J. Donald Harris & Anita I. Rawnsley - 1953 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 46 (6):457.
  37. Self‐Differing, Aspects, and Leibniz's Law.Donald L. M. Baxter - 2018 - Noûs 52:900-920.
    I argue that an individual has aspects numerically identical with it and each other that nonetheless qualitatively differ from it and each other. This discernibility of identicals does not violate Leibniz's Law, however, which concerns only individuals and is silent about their aspects. They are not in its domain of quantification. To argue that there are aspects I will appeal to the internal conflicts of conscious beings. I do not mean to imply that aspects are confined to such cases, but (...)
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  38. What are randomised controlled trials good for?Nancy Cartwright - 2010 - Philosophical Studies 147 (1):59 - 70.
    Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely taken as the gold standard for establishing causal conclusions. Ideally conducted they ensure that the treatment ‘causes’ the outcome—in the experiment. But where else? This is the venerable question of external validity. I point out that the question comes in two importantly different forms: Is the specific causal conclusion warranted by the experiment true in a target situation? What will be the result of implementing the treatment there? This paper explains how the probabilistic theory (...)
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  39. What Metaphors Mean.Donald Davidson - 1978 - Critical Inquiry 5 (1):31-47.
    The concept of metaphor as primarily a vehicle for conveying ideas, even if unusual ones, seems to me as wrong as the parent idea that a metaphor has a special meaning. I agree with the view that metaphors cannot be paraphrased, but I think this is not because metaphors say something too novel for literal expression but because there is nothing there to paraphrase. Paraphrase, whether possible or not, inappropriate to what is said: we try, in paraphrase, to say it (...)
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  40.  11
    Memory scanning of young and old adults: The influence of rate of presentation and delay interval on recognition memory performance.Charles I. Maniscalco & Donald V. Derosa - 1983 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21 (1):7-10.
  41.  13
    Scanning organized material: Individual differences in search strategies.Charles I. Maniscalco & Donald V. DeRosa - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14 (5):361-364.
  42. Murder and Violence in Kantian Ethics.Donald Wilson - 2018 - In Violetta L. Waibel, Margit Ruffing & David Wagner (eds.), Natur und Freiheit. Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. De Gruyter. pp. 2257-2264.
    Acts of violence and murder have historically proved difficult to accommodate in standard accounts of the formula of universal law (FUL) version of Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI). In “Murder and Mayhem,” Barbara Herman offers a distinctive account of the status of these acts that is intended to be appropriately didactic in comparison to accounts like the practical contradiction model. I argue that while Herman’s account is a promising one, the distinction she makes between coercive and non-coercive violence and her response (...)
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  43.  13
    Back to the Concrete: A Pragmatist Response to Oppression.Donald Morse - 2009 - Human Affairs 19 (1):28-35.
    Back to the Concrete: A Pragmatist Response to Oppression Pragmatism is a vital tool for society today, both because it addresses our more pressing social problems and because it advances beyond other available solutions. As a good deal of recent European philosophy has shown, as in the cases of Adorno and Agamben, for example, our social life is mediated by abstractions that oppress us. With its focus on the immediacy of experience, pragmatism enables us to overcome these abstractions and return (...)
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  44. Hume's theory of space and time in its sceptical context.Donald L. M. Baxter - 1993 - In David Fate Norton & Jacqueline Taylor (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Hume. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 105-146.
    Hume's Treatise arguments concerning space, time, and geometry, especially ones involving his denial of infinite divisibility; have suffered harsh criticism. I show that in the section "Of the ideas of space and time," Hume gives important characterizations of his skeptical approach, in some respects Pyrrhonian, that will be developed in the rest of the Treatise. When that approach is better understood, the force of Hume's arguments can be appreciated, and the influential criticisms of them can be seen to miss the (...)
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  45. On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme.Donald Davidson - 1973 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 47:5-20.
    Davidson attacks the intelligibility of conceptual relativism, i.e. of truth relative to a conceptual scheme. He defines the notion of a conceptual scheme as something ordering, organizing, and rendering intelligible empirical content, and calls the position that employs both notions scheme-content dualism. He argues that such dualism is untenable since: not only can we not parcel out empirical content sentence per sentence but also the notion of uninterpreted content to which several schemes are relative, and the related notion of a (...)
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  46. Outlines of a formal theory of value, I.Donald Davidson, J. C. C. McKinsey & Patrick Suppes - 1955 - Philosophy of Science 22 (2):140-160.
    Contemporary philosophers interested in value theory appear to be largely concerned with questions of the following sort:What is value?What is the meaning of the word ‘good’?Does the attribution of value to an object have a cognitive, or merely an emotive, significance?The first question is metaphysical; to ask it is analogous to asking in physics:What is matter?What is electricity?The others are generally treated as semantical questions; to ask them is analogous to asking in statistics:What is the meaning of the word ‘probable’?Does (...)
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  47. Causation: One word, many things.Nancy Cartwright - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (5):805-819.
    We currently have on offer a variety of different theories of causation. Many are strikingly good, providing detailed and plausible treatments of exemplary cases; and all suffer from clear counterexamples. I argue that, contra Hume and Kant, this is because causation is not a single, monolithic concept. There are different kinds of causal relations imbedded in different kinds of systems, readily described using thick causal concepts. Our causal theories pick out important and useful structures that fit some familiar cases—cases we (...)
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  48. Against modularity, the causal Markov condition, and any link between the two: Comments on Hausman and Woodward.Nancy Cartwright - 2002 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 53 (3):411-453.
    In their rich and intricate paper ‘Independence, Invariance, and the Causal Markov Condition’, Daniel Hausman and James Woodward ([1999]) put forward two independent theses, which they label ‘level invariance’ and ‘manipulability’, and they claim that, given a specific set of assumptions, manipulability implies the causal Markov condition. These claims are interesting and important, and this paper is devoted to commenting on them. With respect to level invariance, I argue that Hausman and Woodward's discussion is confusing because, as I point out, (...)
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  49. I. Agency.Donald Davidson - 1973 - In Roger Trigg (ed.), Agent, Action, and Reason. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1-37.
  50. Ontology and the theory of meaning.Richard L. Cartwright - 1954 - Philosophy of Science 21 (4):316-325.
    In a number of essays published over the last decade or so, W. V. Quine has made some interesting suggestions concerning the ontology of theories. If I understand him correctly, one of his principal objects has been to formulate a criterion by means of which one can correctly decide what are the ontological commitments of any given theory. My aim in this paper is to reveal what I think are inadequacies in Quine's criterion and to indicate the direction in which (...)
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